一、听力[dialogue（十个对话），passage（三个短文），compound dictation（复合式听写）]
1 dialogue和passage：
对话所述事情总是向不好的方面发展，例如比如对话里问教授的讲座lecture难不难，记住一定难；老师的作业assignment多不多，一定多；男士发出的邀请，女士会答应吗，永远不会；永远是一个傻哥发出邀请，邀请的对象是mary，问我们游泳好吗，滑冰好吗，跳舞好吗，吃饭好吗，mary的回答永远是，我非常的想去，but不去--四级考了十几年了，mary从来没有去过，今年照样不会。
2 compound dictation：
只能竖直耳朵专心听了，即使听不懂，也要根据上下文瞎猜一个，空着肯定没分，瞎猜说不定老师看错了还会给你一分！
二、阅读
1 一事实细节题：
1)选项中照抄或似乎照抄原文的一般不是答案，而同义词替换的是正确答案； 2)选项中表达意义较具体，也就是句子较长的一般不是答案，而概括性的，抽象的是答案； 3)选项中有绝对语气词的比如must，never，merely等不是答案，而有不十分肯定语气词的是正确答案，比如could，might，possible等。
2 二词义及语义判断题：
选项含义与被考单词在含义上肤浅相近的一般不是答案。
3 三推理判断题：
1)若要求对某段内容进行推论，那么就只看题干要求作答的那一段； 2)选项中采用试探性，不十分绝对语气词的比如tend to ，offten等一般是答案；3)符合常识逻辑的一般是答案，比方说为什么中国比较穷，是因为人口众多，为什么美国人很胖，是因为他们吃的肯德基，麦当劳太多了。
1、taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that.。. 把所有这些因素加以考虑，我们自然会得出结论……
很完全的答法，"take sth into consideration"短语的应用，加分。
2、taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that.。. 考虑所有这些因素，我们可能会得出合理的结论……
"take into account sth"短语似乎又比上句的"take sth into consideration"提升了一个层次。
3、hence/therefore, wed better come to the conclusion that.。. 因此，自然我们得出以下结论。。。
"hence"一词用在文章中大气吧，但别平时口语中用，否则即使老外也用一种看老古董的眼神看你。。。
再特意提一句："wed better"在这里不是“不得不”或“最好”的意思，而是一种自然而然，水到渠成的得出结论。
4、there is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits. 毫无疑问，跳槽有优点也有缺点。
短语"there is no doubt that"上线，同时运用我们的老朋友"as well as"增加看点。
5、all in all, we cannot live without.。. but at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise. 总之，我们没有……是无法生活的。但同时，我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现的新问题。
这句话一般用于作文结尾，属万能句式，句式较为简单，方便操作。
1、b)it is a small one with a two-bedroom house.
2、when it comes to situations where you’re caring for another child, white is straightforward: “common sense must prevail. if things don’t go well, then have a chat.”
3、d)he can learn to do administrative work.
4、d)he holds a master’s degree in criminology
5、he points out bringing it up with the parent first may make them feel neglectful, which could cause problems. of course, approaching the child first can bring its own headaches, too.
6、b it is not likely the shopper can find the same products in other stores.
7、d. unwillingness to find out about one’s disease because of fear
8、customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filing complaints to the retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the world. retailers are hard-pressed to improve when they have no idea what is wrong.
9、b won’t have trouble parking their cars
10、this belief that the social 81 influenced a person’s overall development was very 82 to people interested in progress and reform in the united states 83 the beginning of the 20th century. it caused them to think about 84 they might control the experiences of children to 85 responsible and productive adults. they believed >
11、 according to professor naomi white of monash university, when one’s kids are criticized, their parents will probably feel
12、d)it varies from person to person
13、a)buy a tractor.
14、c most stores provide the same
15、a) she couldn’t have left her notebook in the library.
16、c)most public languages are inherently vague
17、“a lot of men think they are invincible （不可战胜的）”gullotta says “they only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think” geez, if it could happen to him.
18、“when i finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from lung cancer” he says, “earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, but it would have prolonged this life”
19、39 offences
20、b) come over to intervene
21、c)she was an educator
22、c. i should consider myself lucky
23、d) he doesn’t like abstract paintings.
24、27 a)he has distinguished himself in city management
25、 andrew fuller suggests that ， when kids behave inappropriately, people should not stay silent.
26、b)to get police officers closer to the local people
27、 what does the author say about dealing with other people’s children?
28、directions: in this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on answer sheet questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked a)，b)，c) and d)。for questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
29、c) how nasa trains its spacemen
30、“retailers who’re responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren’t so friendly.” said professor stephen hoch. “maybe something as simple as a greeter at the store entrance would help.”
31、a)he is confident he will get the job.
32、d)profits
33、b) they’d charge up to the school
34、a. men drink and smoke much more than women
35、directions : in this section 。you will hear a passage three time. when the passage is read for first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. when the passage is read for the first time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36to43 with the exact words you have just heard. for these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
36、this jumping to our children’s defense is part of what fuels the “walking on eggshells” feeling that surrounds our dealings with other people’s children. you know that if you remonstrate（劝诫） with the child, you’re going to have to deal with the parent. it’s admirable to be protective of our kids, but is it good?
37、a) make an apology
38、m. properly
39、c huge supply of goods for sale
40、c)to help the residents in times of emergency
41、 what did stella bianchi expect the young boy’s mother to do when she talked to him?
42、58。what does the author state is the most important reason men die five years earlier on average than women?
43、a) it’s important not to hurt them in any way
44、d. completely
45、that they haven’t found answers_to
46、k. naturally
47、c won’t have any worries about security
48、gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two. for those over 45,it should be at least once a year.
49、d. it would be a big misfortune
50、 will save money in the long run
51、c)contacting its manager.
52、26 a)to introduce the chief of the city’s police force
53、c few customers believe the service will be improved.
54、41 particularly
55、 to achieve better shopping experiences, customers are advised to _________.
56、d)it has a large garden with fresh vegetables.
57、32 a)how private languages are developed
58、passage two
59、a)growing potatoes will involve less labor.
60、questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
61、the most common complaints include filled parking lots, cluttered （塞满了的） shelves, overloaded racks, out-of-stock items, long check-out lines, and rude salespeople.
62、question 57 to 61 based on the following passage.
63、a)to cut down its production expenses.
64、directions: in this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. at the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. after each question there will be a pause. during the pause, you must read the four choices marked a)，b)，c)and d)，and decide which is the best answer. then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
65、41 particularly
66、dcbca
67、d) he enjoyed going shopping with jane yesterday.
68、part iv reading comprehension (reading in depth)
69、d can find their cars easily after shopping
70、d)to utilize its retired employees’ resources.
71、c)see a piece of property.
72、a most customers won’t bother to complain even if they have had unhappy experiences.
73、11-15：daccd
74、45 are now facing the sort of cultural variety that has been common in america for most of its history.
75、each of these philosophies is valid and, it has to be said, my son loves visiting his aunt’s house. but i find myself saying “no” a lot when her kids are over at mine. that’s ok between sisters but becomes dangerous territory when you’re talking to the children of friends or acquaintances.
76、section b
77、44 changing national borders, greater economic growth and the lack of accepted social ideas of right and wrong.
78、b)in improves with constant practice
79、“children have to learn to negotiate the world on their own, within reasonable boundaries,” white says. “i suspect that it’s only certain sectors of the population doing the running to the school –better –educated parents are probably more likely to be too involved.”
80、question 47-56
81、a)he can manage his time more flexibly.
82、d) punish them lightly
83、c)to improve its administrative efficiency.
84、this is why white recommends that you approach the parents first. raise your concerns with the parents if they’re there and ask them to deal with it,” she says.
85、b) hurt
86、j. narrow
87、 what contributes most to smoothing over issues with customers?
88、d) focusing on the latest progress in space science
89、b) it’s no use trying to stop their wrongdoing
90、b) women have a better artistic taste than men.
91、“i’d watched him for a little while and my son was the fourth or fifth child he’d shoved,” she says.” i went over to them, picked up my son, turned to the boy and said, firmly, ’no, we don’t push,” what happened next was unexpected.
92、46 failure to recognize and plan for such persity can lead to serious crime problems.
93、c) it’s advisable to treat them as one’s own kids
94、 a) look for a place near her office. c) make inquiries elsewhere.
95、b. a new therapy for certain psychological problems
96、a manners of the salespeople
97、 may cause psychological strains on men
98、a. it could happen to me, too
99、c) she should have made careful notes while doing reading.
100、one way over-worked, under-resourced parents show commitment to their children is to leap to their defence. back at the park, bianchi’s intervention（干预） on her son’s behalf ended in an undignified exchange of insulting words with the other boy’s mother.
101、a) they’d question the teachers
102、a)reading its ads in the newspapers.
103、c) he has gained some weight lately.
104、a. they are more likely to survive serious diseases today.
105、38 scene
106、d) it’s hard for people to admire each other
107、andrew fuller doesn’t believe that we should be afraid of dealing with other people’s kids. “look at kids that aren’t your own as a potential minefield,” he says. he recommends that we don’t stay silent over inappropriate behaviour, particularly with regular visitors.
108、37 phenomenon
109、playing organized sports is such a common experience in the united states that many children and teenagers that them for granted. this is especially true 67 children from families and communities that have the resources needed to organize and 68 sports programs and make sure that there is easy 69 to participation opportunities. children in low-income families and poor communities are 70 likely to take organized youth sports for granted because they often 71 the resources needed to pay for participation 72, equipment, and transportation to practices and games 73 their communities do not have resources to build and 74 sports fields and facilities.
110、h. escape
111、d) what spacemen cat and drink
112、questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
113、d) it’s possible for one to get into lots of trouble
114、39 offences
115、n. respect
116、according to the research, shoppers who purchased clothing encountered the most problems. ranked second and third were grocery and electronics customers.
117、c voice their dissatisfaction to store managers directly
118、d not complaining to the manager causes the shopper some trouble too.
119、 what does paula courtney imply by saying “ … the shopper must also find a replacement” (line 2, para. 4)？
120、
a)basing them on science-fiction movies.
121、cdbca
122、a) parents are worried when their kids swear at them
123、43 associated
124、section a
125、b)how different languages are related
126、c)to address the issue of community security
127、 due to the child-centric nature of our society,
128、40 murder
129、d)how children learn to use language
130、 why are store managers often the last to hear complaints?
131、c)it was a large garden with fresh vegetables.
132、36 trend
133、c)how people create their languages
134、asked how to approach a parent in this situation, psychologist meredith fuller answers:”explain your needs as well as stressing the importance of the friendship. preface your remarks with something like: ’i know you’ll think i’m silly but in my house i don’t want…’”
135、retailers can relieve the headaches by redesigning store layouts, pre-stocking sales items, hiring speedy and experienced cashiers, and having sales representatives on hand to answer questions.
136、g. persity
137、 may increase public expenses
138、d)to enable the police to take prompt action
139、a. abundant
140、if you are a male and you are reading this ，congratulations: you are a survivor 。according to statistics 。you are more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman ，and nine times more likely to die of aids. assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in australia, you will die on average five years before a woman.
141、high-quality customer service is preached（宣扬） by many ，but actually keeping customers happy is easier said than done
142、c) they’d tell the kids to clam down
143、b hiring of efficient employees
144、c) simply leave them alone
145、b) a mechanic. d) a carpenter.
146、b settle their disputes with stores in a diplomatic way
147、c)it isn’t easy to find a qualified sales manager.
148、c) people are reluctant to point our kids’ wrongdoings
149、44 changing national borders, greater economic growth and the lack of accepted social ideas of right and wrong.
150、there’re a couple of new grey areas. physical punishment, once accepted from any adult, is no longer appropriate. “a new set of considerations has come to the fore as part of the debate about how we handle children.”
151、d)the interview didn’t go as well as he expected.
152、c)he can concentrate on his own projects.
153、31 a)it is a sign of human intelligence
154、“storytelling hurts retailers and entertains consumers,” said paula courtney, president of the verde group.” the store loses the customer, but the shopper must also find a replacement.”
155、b) she needs time to write a paper d)she is troubled by her sleep problem
156、
a) whether spacemen carry weapons
157、getting your own children to play nice is difficult enough. dealing with other people’s children has become a minefield.
158、a)the woman possesses a natural for art.
159、d. men are more likely to suffer from fatal diseases
160、d)sing a business contract.
161、d. they are sure to enjoy a longer and happier live.
162、“it’s about what i’m doing and what i need,” andrew fuller says. ”the days when a kid came home from school and said, “i got into trouble”。 and dad said, ‘you probably deserved it’。 are over. now the parents are charging up to the school to have a go at teachers.”
163、“i’d go to the child first,” says andrew fuller, author of tricky kids. usually a quiet reminder that ’we don’t do that here’ is enough. kids nave finely tuned antennae （直觉） for how to behave in different settings.”
164、d)searching its website.
165、 which of the following best completes the sentence “geez, if it could happen to him,…’(line2,para,8)？
166、36 trend
167、f. desire
168、a. a casual attitude towards one’s health conditions
169、as bianchi approached the park bench where she’d been sitting, other mums came up to her and congratulated her on taking a stand. “apparently the boy had a longstanding reputation for bad behaviour and his mum for even worse behaviour if he was challenged.”
170、43 associated
171、b. characters
172、42 explosion
173、b. i should avoid playing golf
174、b)he is head of the international police force
175、d)big gaps exist between private and public languages
176、11．a)only true friendship can last long.
177、40 murder
178、b) people think it improper to criticize kids in public
179、passage two
180、c) discipline her own boy
181、“the boy’s mother ran toward me from across the park,” stella says,” i thought she was coming over to apologize, but instead she started shouting at me for disciplining her child, all i did was let him know his behavior was unacceptable. was i supposed to sit back while her kid did whatever he wanted, hurting other children in the process?”
182、these conditions are increasingly observable around the world 。 for instance, cultures that were previously isolated and homogeneous（同种类的） ，such as japan, denmark and greece (45)____________________________________________________________________________
183、57-66：cbadb bcbac
184、b) she may have put her notebook amid the journals.
185、two months ago gullotta saw a 50-year-old ma who had delayed doing anything about his smoker’s cough for a year.
186、d)to explain the functions of the city council
187、“most w w men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies,” cartmill says 。he believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups
188、c)effective
189、directions: there are 20 blanks in the following passage. for each blank there are four choices marked a,b,c,d on the right side of the paper. you should choose the one that best fits into the passage. then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
190、 what should one do when seeing other people’s kids misbehave according to andrew fuller?
191、c) he isn’t good at abstract thinking.
192、question 62 to 66 are based on the following passage
193、 according to professor white, today’s parents treat their children as something they can be proud of.
194、25a)finances
195、33 a)she was a tailor
196、 will enable men to live as long as women
197、30 a)people differ greatly in their ability to communicate
198、60what does dr. ross cartmill mean by “the ostrich approach”(line q para.9)
199、d) they’d put the blame on their kids
200、46 failure to recognize and plan for such persity can lead to serious crime problems.
201、meredith fuller agrees: “a code of conduct is hard to create when you’re living in a world in which everyone is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleep, and a world in which nice people are perceived to finish last.”
202、a)it is only forty miles form where they live.
203、b) it’s difficult to create a code of conduct
204、what most parents are concerned about
205、white believes our notions of a more child-centred, it’s a way of talking about treating our children like commodities（商品）。 we’re centred on them but in ways that reflect positively on us. we treat them as objects whose appearance and achievements are something we can be proud of, rather than serve the best interests of the children.”
206、section b
207、67-76：adabd ccabd
208、“men aren’t seeing doctors as often as they should, ” says dr. gullotta, “this is particularly so for the over-40s,when diseases tend to strike.”
209、o. widen
210、 shop owners often hire moonlighting police as parking attendants so that shoppers_____
211、c)it is something we are born with
212、16-20：bbbad
213、b)its soil may not be very suitable for corn.
214、c. men aren’t as cautions as women in face of danger
215、d)she has lost contact with most of her old friends.
216、d) many conflicts arise between parents and their kids
217、b)calling its personnel department.
218、l. personnel
219、adbcb
220、 how did people use to respond when their kids got into trouble at school?
221、on average, every unhappy customer will complain to at least four other, and will no longer visit the specific store for every dissatisfied customer, a store will lose up to three more due to negative reviews. the resulting “snowball effect” can be disastrous to retailers.
222、section c
223、b)his chance of getting the job is slim.
224、77-86：acdcb adbca
225、c) puzzled
226、decided to start their own business
227、a new customers are bound to replace old ones.
228、d) she shouldn’t have read his notes without his knowing it.
229、passage one
230、 in a world where everyone is exhausted from over work and lack of sleep, 。
231、a) it’s easy for people to become impatient
232、there are many reasons for this-typically, men take more risks than woman and are more likely to drink and smoke but perhaps more importantly, men don’t go to the doctor.
233、a) talk to them directly in a mild way
234、e. derive
235、37 phenomenon
236、directions there are 2 passages in this section, each passage is followed by some question or unfinished statements. for each of them there are four choices marked a b c should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
237、c) adjusting them to different audiences
238、8:challenged
239、42 explosion
240、passage three
241、c)she keeps in regular touch with her classmates.
242、you’d better take a sweater with you in case it turn(s) cold
243、 professor white believes that the notions of a more child-centred society should be challenged.
244、d) take her own boy away
245、d)raising potatoes will be more profitable.
246、books provide ___54 a_____ material for readers’ imagination to grow. imagination is a valuable quality and a motivating power, and stimulates achievement. while enriching their imagination, books __55 o____their outlook, develop a fact-finding attitude and train them to use leisure ___56 m___. the social and educational significance of the readers’ books cannot be overestimated in an academic library.
247、c) it’s important to be friendly to everybody
248、he sees it as a loss of the sense of common public good and public courtesy （礼貌）， and says that adults suffer form it as much as child.
249、until it was accidentally found by a doctor
250、b. their average life span has been considerably extended.
251、b)she was an engineer
252、what is driving this crime (42)____?there are no simple answers. still，there are certain conditions(43) _______with rising crime increasing heterogeneity （混杂） of populations, greater cultural pluralism, higher immigration, democratization of government,(44) ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
253、45 are now facing the sort of cultural variety that has been common in america for most of its history.
254、b. men don’t seek medical care as often as women
255、in my house, jumping on the sofa is not allowed. in my sister’s house it’s encouraged. for her, it’s about kids being kids:”if you can’t do it at three, when can you do it?”
256、28 a)to coordinate work among police departments
257、10：stay silent
258、then there is the ostrich approach,” some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know, ” says dr. ross cartmill.
259、directions: in this section, you will hear 3 short passages. at the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. after you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked a)， b)， c) and d)。then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
260、b)equipment
261、“kids aren’t all raised the same,” agrees professor naomi white of monash university.” but there is still an idea that they’re the property of the parent. we see our children as an extension of ourselves, so if you’re saying that my child is behaving inappropriately, then that’s somehow a criticism of me.”
262、c. communicating
263、c)he completed his higher education abroad
264、b)he can renew contact with his old friends.
265、c)labor
266、organized youth sports 75 appeared during the early 20th century in the united states and other wealthy nations. they were originally developed 76 some educators and developmental experts 77 that the behavior and character of children were 78 influenced by their social surrounding and everyday experiences. this 79 many people to believe that if you could organize the experiences of children in 80 ways, you could influence the kinds of adults that those children would become.
267、47-56：f、k、n、g、e、i、b、a、o、m
268、d)she was a public speaker
269、b)to solve the problem of staff shortage.
270、a can stay longer browsing in the store
271、38 scene
272、d shop around and make comparisons between stores
273、1-7:3321224
274、in those circumstances, it’s difficult to know whether to approach the child directly or the parent first. there are two schools of thought.
275、it was a lovely day at the park and stella bianchi was enjoying the sunshine with her two children when a young boy, aged about four, approached her two-year-old son and pushed him to the ground.
276、crime is increasing world wide. there is every reason to believe the (36)____will continue through the next few decades.
277、b customers would rather relate their unhappy experiences to people around them.
278、shoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will alert their friends, relatives, co-workers, strangers-and anyone who will listen.
279、29 a)popular
280、b) how spacesuits protect spacemen
281、 does the author congratulate his male readers at the beginning of the passage?
282、section a
283、passage one
284、multiculturalism can be a rewarding, enriching experience, but it can also lead to a clash of values. heterogeneity in societies will be the rule in the twenty-first century, and (46)_________________________________________________
285、during peak shopping hours, some retailers solved the parking problems by getting moonlighting local police to work as parking attendants. some hired flag wavers to direct customers to empty parking spaces. this guidance climinated the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly, and avoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking space.
286、b) he has been extremely busy recently.
287、b)fix a house.
288、b) complain to their parents politely
289、b)letter writing is going out of style.
290、c)it may not be big enough for raising corn.
291、 a) a painter. c) a porter.
292、a bookless life is an incomplete life. books influence the depth and breadth of life. they meet the natural______47_f_____for freedom, for expression, for creativity and beauty of life. learners, therefore, must have books, and the right type of book, for the satisfaction of their need. readers turn______48_k____ to books because their curiosity concerning all manners of things, their eagerness to share in the experiences of others and their need to ____49 h_____ from their own limited environment lead them to find in books food for the mind and the spirit. through their reading they find a deeper significance to life as books acquaint them with life in the world as it was and it is now. they are presented with a __50 g_____ of human experiences and come to ___51 n____ other ways of thought and living. and while ____52 i____ their own relationships and responses to life ， the readers often find that the ___53 b__ in their stories are going through similar adjustments, which help to clarify and give significance to their own.
293、d) overwhelmed
294、 a)she wants to get some sleep c) she has a literature class to attend
295、9：can be pround of
296、store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when their regular customers decide t frequent their competitors, according to a study jointly conducted by verde group and wharton school
297、b) including interesting examples in them
298、regular check-ups for men would inevitably place strain on the public purse, cartmill says.” but prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases. besides, the ultimate cost is far greater: it is called premature death.”
299、 what does cartmill say about regular check-ups for men?
300、most importantly, salespeople should be diplomatic and polite with angry customers.
301、b)discouraging
302、d customers have no easy access to store managers.
303、d)controversial
304、i. establishing
305、d design of the store layout.
306、according to a recent survey, 95%of women aged between 15 and early 40s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age group.
307、b)to comment on a talk by a distinguished guest
308、b) find a new job down the street. d) rent the $600 apartment.
309、a exert pressure on stores to improve their service
310、that’s enough, kids
311、a) he prefers to wear jeans with a larger waist.
312、for andrew fuller, the child-centric nature of our society has affected everyone:” the rules are different now from when today’s parents were growing up,” he says, “adults are scared of saying: ’don’t swear’， or asking a child to stand up on a bus. they’re worried that there will be conflict if they point these things out – either from older children, or their parents.”
313、c. refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involved
314、b)there are numerous languages in existence
315、crime rates have always been high in multicultural, industrialized societies such as the united states, but a new(37)____has appeared on the world(38)____rapidly rising crime rates in nations that previously reported few(39)____. street crimes such as robbery, rape (40)___and auto theft are clearly rising(41)___in eastern european countries such as hungary and in western european nations such as the united kingdom.
316、a) discouraged
317、c. they have lived long enough to read this article.
此类作文要求考生从提示性文字或图表、图画入手，解释提示性文字、图表、图画反映出的问题，提出问题的危害性或解决这一问题的紧迫性；然后对问题展开分析，提出解决问题的方案或应对措施；最后一段要求考生表明自己的态度、做法等。
the chart / graph/ table/ picture describes that the figure declines/ falls smoothly/ markedly. it indicates that…图表显示数字下降平缓，这表明…。
there may be a combination of factors which contribute to / are responsible for …可能是好几个因素造成的结果。
there may be several possible reasons to this phenomenon, which will be demonstrated as follows. 可能有几个原因导致了我们下面所要阐述的现象。
the significant effects of this phenomenon are undeniable, which can be concluded as the following aspects.这一现象的重大影响是不可忽略的，可大致归结为以下几个方面
on one hand, …； on the other hand,…一方面，…；另一方面，…
as is shown in the graph above, we can see clearly that great changes have taken place in … from…to… the first … years saw… the last … years witnessed …
what are the reasons for the? on my standpoint, there are several as follows. first of all, (______)。 what is more, (______)。last but not the least,(______)。
the significant effects of this phenomenon are undeniable, which can be concluded as the following aspects. on one hand, …； on the other hand,…
76 words
it is important that effective actions should be taken to prevent the situation. 采取有效措施防止这种情况的发生很重要。
there is no immediate solution to the problem of…，but …might be helpful/ but the general awareness of the necessity of …might be the first step.虽然问题没有现成的解决办法，但是，…是有帮助的/但是意识到…。的必要性应该是解决问题的第一步。
in order to make our world a better place in which we live, we should make great efforts to… 为了让我们生活的世界变得更加美好，我们应该努力…
according to what we have talked above, we can arrive at the conclusion reasonably /naturally that…。 the best way to solve this problem is… 综上所述，我们自然能得出以下结论，即解决这一问题的最好的办法就是…
following this method may not guarantee the success in solution to…， but the payoff will be worth the effort. 这些方法并不一定能成功解决…，但是其结果是值得付出努力的。
as is shown in the graph above, we can see clearly that great changes have taken place in … from…to… the first … years saw… the last … years witnessed …
what has caused this problem? it seems to me that there are … reasons as follows. first of all, (______)。what is more, (______)。last but not the least,(______)。
according to what we have talked above, we can arrive at the conclusion reasonably /naturally that…。 the best way to solve this problem is… although, following this method may not guarantee the success in solution to…， but the payoff will be worth the effort.
【总分：710分】
一、英语四级作文
说明：写作部分占整套试卷的15% =106.5分
在这部分你要达到63.9分为及格。
时间：30分钟
二、听力部分 =248.5分
听力部分占整套试题的`35%，除听力篇章外每个题都是7.1分。
1、短篇新闻 7% 共7小题，每小题7.1分。
2 、长对话 8% 8个题目 每小题7.1分。
3、听力篇章 20% 共10个小题，每小题14.2分。
时间：25分钟。在这部分你要达到149分为及格，做对14个左右即可。
三、阅读理解 35% =248.5分
阅读部分占整套试题的35%，选词填空每题3.55分，其余每题都是7.1分。
1、选词填空 5% 10个题，每小题3.55分
2、长篇阅读 10% 10个题，每小题7.1分。
3、仔细阅读 20% 10个题 共2篇，一篇5个题，每小题14.2分。
时间：40分钟 在这部分你要达到149分为及格，做对18个左右即可。
四、翻译部分 汉译英 15% 30分钟 =106.5分
试卷结构测试内容测试题型分值比例对应分值考试时长作文作文短文写作15%106.530分钟听力短篇新闻3段选择题单选7%49.730分钟长对话2篇选择题单选8%56.8听力篇章3篇选择题单选20%142阅读理解词汇理解选词填空5%35.540分钟长篇阅读匹配题10%71仔细阅读选择题单选20%142翻译汉译英段落翻译15%106.530分钟总计 100%710分130分钟directions：for this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of starting a career after graduation. you should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
currently，whether to start a career after graduation has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young, and heated debates are right on their way. peoples opinions about this issue vary from person to person. i consider that starting our own business tends to pose a considerable number of threats to our future.
first and foremost, compared with graduate education, our knowledge will be limited and our horizons will be narrowed if we choose to take a position after graduation due to the fact that possessing a bachelor’s degree is to maintain one’s competitiveness. in addition, applying for a job is likely to take up our precious time which can be used for more valuable activities.
taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that we should be prudent and cautious when we face various options after graduation.
directions：for this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of living in a big city. you should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
currently，whether to live in a big city has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young, and heated debates are right on their way. peoples opinions about this issue vary from person to person. i consider that living in a big city tends to pose a considerable number of threats to our future.
first and foremost, since the phenomenon of left-behind children has arisen as one of the most fearful social situations, parents are likely to have less family time with their children, which is detrimental to fostering harmonious families. in addition, busy city life is also negative for our mental health. the fierce competition that exists everywhere in big cities is destructive to our relationship with our colleagues, neighbors, and even friends, resulting in our isolation and loneliness.
taking all these factors into consideration, i solidly consider that we should be prudent and cautious when we consider about the question of whether we should live in big cities.
directions：for this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of studying abroad. you should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
there is a widespread concern over the issue that whether studying abroad is a good choice after graduation. people, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. from my personal perspective, i hold that it is advisable for the students to study abroad after graduation.
there are a variety of reasons for studying overseas. on one hand, students can enrich their knowledge and enlarge their horizons by being exposed to new cultures. on the other hand, the students going abroad can cultivate the spirit of self-dependence. in addition, overseas degrees from top universities in the world can provide more competitive advantages for their future careers than those obtained at home.
to make a long story short, it is sensible that we should take a rational attitude when we make a choice. only in this way can we shoulder the real success.
on open policy
the open policy means that our country is open to investment, trade and technical and economic cooperation with other countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit. the purpose of open policy is to acquire advanced technology, management skills to serve our socialist construction so as to promote the realization of the four modernizations.
we must adhere to the open policy. because economic relations between states today have become increasingly close, and no country can possibly advance behind close doors. only in this way, can we gradually close the gap between our country and the developed countries.
through the implementation of policy, we can learn advanced technology and managerial expertise from abroad; make full use of the foreign capitals to set up great enterprises; absorb useful and healthy ideas and new knowledge of the modern civilization; and broaden our views and raise our level of competence.
the place of science and technology in modern life.
human life can not continue without science and technology. for many years, human society has developed with the advance of science and technology while the development of science and technology has in turn brought the process to mankind. so the life we are living now is more civilized than that of our fore fathers.
the development of science and technology have brought about many changes in peoples life. for example, the invention of television and space rocket have opened a new era for mankind. through the use of tv people can hear the sound and learn the events happening thousands of miles away. owing to the invention of spaceship and rocket, the dream of mans landing on the moon has now come true.
science and technology also play an important role in our socialist construction. we may say, our socialist construction is just like a skyscraper, while science and technology are its base. without the base, the skyscraper cant be built. therefore, we should try our best to contribute to the development of science and technology so as to provide a more solid base to build our country.
on judging people by their appearances
in front of us unfolds a picture in which a selection is in people are sitting in the auditorium and listening to the speech given by the of the voters is thinkin9：“his tie is too voting for the other guy.”
this phenomenon can easily be found anywhere in our daily life. nowadays，with more interviewers putting emphasis on the appearances of the applicants，a great majority of people believe that the appearance is more i beg to e the clothes do not reflect what is inside the what is in his mind and his heart can’t be known by us easily. furthermore，judging someone by his or her external appearance can be nts based on external appearances prevent us from getting to know a person’s nature，and are superficial and limited.
as an old saying goes，“never judge a book by its cover”。0ne’s appearance may reflect one’s interest，but it isn’t the symbol of one’s quality. we should never judge people merely by their appearances.
with the development of national economy, a worrying social problem also arises——people can trust each other less and less, especially strangers.
this phenomenon will bring many unfavorable consequences. first and foremost, peoples life will lose a lot of fun since they become cautious all the time. what makes matters worse, the general expense of doing things rises abruptly as a result of the fact that people dont want to help strangers. finauy, if this matter is not properly settled, it will pose a threat to national education.
it is high time that we called on the efforts from all sides to deal with this problem properly. for one thing, the government should make all efforts to create a harmonious social atmosphere. for another, teachers should seize every chance to stimulate affection and unselfishness in the hearts of the students. finauy, the mass media should also play a positive role in restoring mutual trust.
no matter whether this problem is a natural result of social development, it is important that we find a satisfactory solution to it in this social transformation era. (181 words)
随着国民经济的发展，一个令人担忧的问题也同时产生了:人们对彼此的信任越来越少，尤其是对陌生人。
这一现象会带来许多不好的结果。首先，人们的生活会缺失掉许多乐趣，因为他们变得一直很谨慎。更糟糕的是，由于人们不想帮助陌生人，做事的总体成本突然地上升了。最后，如果这一问题得不到合理解决，会对国民教育造成危害。
我们早就应该号召四面八方的努力，来正确地解决这一问题。一方面，政府应该通过各方努力来创造一种和谐的社会氛围。另一方面，老师们应抓住每个机会来激发学生心中的感情和慷慨。最后，大众媒体也应该在恢复相互间的信任上发挥积极的作用。
不管这一问题是否是社会发展的必然结果，在这个社会转型的时代，我们找到一个满意的解决方法很重要。
1、 a) the man will give the mechanic a call.
2、questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
3、c) develop a habit of reading critically.
4、directions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from chinese into english. you should write your answer on answer sheet 2.
5、注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
6、16-20: dabdc
7、 ranging
8、 a house with a fireplace has a >
9、 reserved
10、为了促进教育公平，中国已投入360亿元，用于改善农村地区教育设施和中强中西部地区农村义务教育(compulsory education)。这些资金用于改善教学设施、购买书籍，使16万多所中小学受益。资金还用于购置音乐和绘画器材。现在农村和山区的儿童可以与沿海城市的儿童一样上音乐和绘画课。一些为接受更好教育而转往城市上学的学生如今又回到了本地农村学校就读。
11、 a) she had a job interview to attend.
12、a) stem-related subjects help students find jobs in the information society.
13、 maintain
14、d) by comparing notes with their classmates.
15、 a) it is a made-up story.c) it is a rare exception.
16、注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
17、third, there are benefits to trade. it allows for economic efficiency, and when we buy things from places that have lower production costs than we do, we benefit. and although you don’t read about this much, the united states is also a large exporter of oil products, selling about 2 million barrels of petroleum products per day to about 90 countries.
18、a) they keep america’s economy running healthily.
19、part ii listening comprehension (30 minutes)
20、注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
21、注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
22、 b the humanities and stem subjects should be given equal importance.
23、questions 56 to 60are based on the following passage.
24、d) the furniture the man bought is inexpensive.
25、b) his mother’s injury just before his birth.
26、d) it is something difficult to get used to.
27、 a) reading newspapers.c) listening to the daily news.
28、[c] physical books will surely become much rarer in the marketplace. mass market paperbacks, which have been declining for years anyway, will probably disappear, as will hardbacks for mysteries, thrillers, “romance fiction,” etc. such books, which only rarely end up in permanent collections, either private or public, will probably only be available as e-books within a few years. hardback and trade paperbacks for “serious” nonfiction and fiction will surely last longer. perhaps it will become the mark of an author to reckon with that he or she is still published in hard copy.
29、b) underline the key words and phrases.
30、 m then there is the fireplace…
31、c) submit her roommate’s assignment.
32、parents and students who have invested heavily in higher education worry about graduates’ job prospects as technological advances and changes in domestic and global markets transform professions in ways that reduce wages and cut jobs. under these circumstances, it’s natural to look for what may appear to be the most “practical” way out of the problem “major in a subject designed to get you a job” seems the obvious answer to some, though this ignores the fact that many disciplines in the humanities characterized as “soft” often, in fact, lead to employment and success in the long run. indeed, according to surveys, employers have expressed a preference for students who have received a broadly-based education that has taught them to write well, think critically, research creatively, and communicate easily.
33、注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
34、b) they prove to be a good alternative to petroleum.
35、[l] sometimes new technology is a little cranky （不稳定的） at first. television repairman was a common occupation in the 1950s, for instance. and so the old technology remains as a backup. steamships captured the north atlantic passenger business from sail in the 1840s because of its much greater speed. but steamships didn’t lose their sails until the 1880s, because early marine engines had a nasty habit of breaking down. until ships became large enough （and engines small enough) to mount two engines side by side, they needed to keep sails. (the high cost of steam and the lesser need for speed kept the majority of the world’s ocean freight moving by sail until the early years of the 20th century.）
36、b) he is thinking of quitting it.d) he has to work extra hours.
37、b) the woman is waiting for a call.
38、c) one can get by with a couple of hours of sleep.
39、 at the right angle
40、b) the humanities and stem subjects should be given equal importance.
41、questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
42、 a) ignore small details while reading.
43、d) help her roommate with her report.
44、 average
45、 a) accompany her roommate to the classroom.
46、global warming is a trend toward warmer conditions around the world. part of the warming is natural; we have experienced a 20,000 -year -long warming as the last ice age ended and the ice 36 away. however, we have already reached temperatures that are in 37 with other minimum-ice periods, so continued warming is likely not natural. we are 38 to a predicted worldwide increase in temperatures 39 between 1℃ and 6℃ over the next 100 years. the warming will be more 40 in some areas, less in others, and some places may even cool off. likewise, the 41 of this warming will be very different depending on where you are—coastal areas must worry about rising sea levels, while siberia and northern canada may become more habitable （宜居的） and 42 for humans than these areas are now.
47、 referring to
48、注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
49、 a to justify americas dependence on oil imports.
50、d) to explain the increase of international oil trade.
51、questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
52、 c it wants to keep its own environment intact.
53、[k] sometimes old technology lingers for centuries because of its symbolic power. mounted cavalry （骑兵） replaced the chariot （二轮战车） on the battlefield around 1000 bc. but chariots maintained their place in parades and triumphs right up until the end of the roman empire 1,500 years later. the sword hasn’t had a military function for a hundred years, but is still part of an officer’s full-dress uniform, precisely because a sword always symbolized “an officer and a gentleman.”
54、c) to stress the importance of energy conservation.
55、 appealing
56、a) to justify america’s dependence on oil imports.
57、a) their interest in relevant subjects.
58、b) it ensures national security. d) it has long been everyone’s dream.
59、d) its own oil production falls short of demand.
60、 what is the main concern of students when they choose a major?
61、to begin with, as the symbol of harbin, the central avenue not only has a long history, but also a famous food palace. there are a variety of delicious foods for you to choose. just take the ice-cream brick of ma dieer as an example. many of tourists to the central avenue sing their praises for the ice-cream brick of ma dieer. in addition, the brilliant historic culture of the central avenue can widen people’s vision and enhance their knowledge, which lays a solid foundation for the understanding of this fabulous city—harbin.
62、d) higher education should be adjusted to the practical needs of society.
63、[j] nor did tv kill radio. comedy and drama shows （“jack benny,” “amos and andy,” “the shadow”） all migrated to television. but because you can’t drive a car and watch television at the same time, rush hour became radio’s prime, while music, talk, and news radio greatly enlarged their audiences. radio is today a very different business than in the late 1940s and a much larger one.
64、b) she learned to write for financial newspapers.
65、b) read at least several chapters at one sitting.
66、“energy independence” and its rhetorical （修辞的） companion “energy security” are, however, slippery concepts that are rarely though through. what is it we want independence from, exactly?
67、b) she does not quite agree with what the man said.
68、c) the liberal arts in higher education help enrich students’ spiritual life.
69、 a) the sleep a person needs varies from day to day.
70、my hometown is harbin. the most interesting place which i would like to take my foreign friends to is the central avenue, if they come to my hometown. the reasons for this can be illustrated as below.
71、the first reason is that we need it to keep our economy running. yes, there is a trickle（涓涓细流）of biofuel（生物燃料）available, and more may become available, but most biofuels cause economic waste and environmental destruction.
72、6-10: adbac
73、 a) at mary johnson’s. c) in an exhibition hall.
74、d) she was in the middle of writing an essay.
75、11-15: acbca
76、among the kinds of social gestures most significant for second-language teachers are those which are (26)______ in form but different in meaning in the two cultures. for example, a colombian who wants someone to (27)______ him often signals with a hand movement in which all the fingers of one hand, cupped, point downward as they move rapidly (28)_______. speakers or english have a similar gesture through the hand may not be cupped and the fingers may be held more loosely, but for them the gesture means goodbye or go away, quite the (29)______ of the colombian gesture. again, in colombian, a speaker of english would have to know that when he (30)________ height he most choose between different gestures depending on whether he is (31)_______ a human being or an animal. if he keeps the palm of the hand (32)_________ the floor, as he would in his own culture when making known the height of a child, for example, he will very likely be greeted by laughter, in colombia this gesture is (33)_________ for the description of animals. in order to describe human beings he should keep the palm of his hand (34)_________ to the floor. substitutions of one gesture for the other often create not only humorous but also (35)________ moment. in both of the examples above, speakers from two different cultures have the same gesture, physically, but its meaning differs sharply.
77、 a) she invested in stocks and shares on wall street.
78、 a) see a doctor about her strained shoulder.
79、b) by reviewing only the marked parts.
80、 what does the latest congressional report suggest?
81、b) they broaden students’ range of interests.
82、 what does the author think of biofuels?
83、 d they cause serious damage to the environment.
84、20-25: bcdab
85、 l sometimes old technology lingers for…
86、b) doris helped him arrange the furniture.
87、c) it wants to keep its own environment intact.
88、directions: in this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. at the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. after each question there will be a pause. during the pause, you must read the four choices marked a)， b)， c) and d)， and decide which is the best answer. then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
89、 c physical books will surely become much rather…
90、c) make as few marks as possible.
91、 a) by reading the textbooks carefully again.
92、1-5: bddcd
93、 dramatic
94、directions: in this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. you are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. read the passage through carefully before making your choices. each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. please mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. you may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
95、questions 16 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
96、 n books—especially books the average…
97、c) he is tired of doing gardening on weekends.
98、 d their chances of getting a good job.
99、 indicates
100、in order to promote equality in education, china has invested 36 billion yuan to improve educational facilities in rural areas and strengthen rural compulsory education in midwest areas. these funds are used to improve teaching facilities, and purchase books, benefiting more than 160,000 primary and secondary schools. funds are used to purchase musical instrument and painting tools as well. now children in rural and mountainous areas can have music and painting lessons as children from coastal cities do. some students who has transferred to city schools to receive a better education are now moving back to their local rural schools.
101、[m] then there is the fireplace. central heating was present in every upper-and middle-class home by the second half of the 19th century. but functioning fireplaces remain to this day a powerful selling point in a house or apartment. i suspect the reason is a deep-rooted love of the fire. fire was one of the earliest major technological advances for humankind, providing heat, protection, and cooked food (which is much easier to cat and digest)。 human control of fire goes back far enough (over a million years) that evolution could have produced a genetic leaning towards fire as a central aspect of human life.
102、 a new technology is unlikely to take the place of an old one without a clear advantage.
103、 the increase of e-book sales will force the book business to make changes not seen for centuries.
104、注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
105、b) to arouse americans’ awareness of the energy crisis.
106、c) the quality of education to receive.
107、 back and forth
108、 melted
109、 a) the teacher evaluated lacks teaching experience.
110、[i] movies did, however, fatally impact some parts of live theater. and while tv didn’t kill movies, it did kill second-rate pictures, shorts, and cartoons.
111、 remarkable changes have taken place in the book business.
112、the question of whether our government should promote science and technology or the liberal arts in higher education isn’t an either/or proposition（命题），although the current emphasis on preparing young americans for stem(science, technology, engineering, maths)-related fields can make it seem that way.
113、second, americans have basically decided that they don’t really want to produce all their own oil. they value the environmental quality they preserve over their oil imports from abroad. vast areas of the united states are off-limits to oil exploration and production in the name of environmental protection. to what extent are americans really willing to endure the environmental impacts of domestic energy production in order to cut back imports?
114、d) new students usually cannot offer a fair evaluation.
115、 opposite
116、 what does the author say about oil trade?
117、 parallel to
118、b) at a painter’s studio. d) outside an art gallery.
119、c) they improve students’ communication skills.
120、d) the man knows the mechanic very well.
121、c) she developed a >
122、b) it improves economic efficiency. d) it saves the cost of oil exploration.
123、c) she had to attend an important meeting.
124、 why does america rely heavily on oil imports?
125、c) the unique surroundings of his living place.
126、 a) the 6:00 one.c) the 7:00 one.
127、a) it sounds very attractive. c) it will bring oil prices down.
128、d) they are essential to students’ healthy growth.
129、i believe my foreign friends will enjoy themselves in the central avenue. not only can they appreciate the wonderful landscape of harbin but also taste authentic northeast food. no better place can be chosen than the central avenue!
130、c) they do not provide a sustainable energy supply.
131、 old technology sometimes continues to exist because of its reliability.
132、 a) choose one’s own system of marking.
133、a) it proves profitable to both sides. c) it makes for economic prosperity.
134、the first place i will show in my hometown—the central avenue
135、 b it improves economic efficiency.
136、[a] amazon, by far the largest bookseller in the country, reported on may 19 that it is now selling more books in its electronic kindle format than in the old paper-and-ink format. that is remarkable, considering that the kindle has only been around for four years. e-books now account for 14 percent of all book sales in the country and are increasing far faster than overall book sales. e-book sales are up 146 percent over last year, while hardback sales increased 6 percent and paperbacks decreased 8 percent.
137、 j nor did tv kill radio…
138、 some people are still in favor of printed books because of the sense of touch they can provide.
139、[d] as for children’s books, who knows? children’s books are like dog food in that the purchasers are not the consumers, so the market (and the marketing) is inherently strange.
140、b) its own oil reserves are quickly running out.
141、注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
142、[e] for clues to the book’s future, let’s look at some examples of technological change and see what happened to the old technology.
143、 c prepare themselves for different job options.
144、b) chatting with friends.d) planning the day’s work.
145、energy independence. it has a nice ring to it. doesn’t it? if you think so, you’re not alone, because energy independence has been the dream of american president for decades, and never more so than in the past few years, when the most recent oil price shock has been partly responsible for kicking off the great recession.
146、 approach
147、there is no question that the united states imports a great deal of energy and, in fact, relies on that steady flow to maintain its economy. when that flow is interrupted, we feel the pain in short supplies and higher prices, at the same time, we derive massive economic benefits when we buy the most affordable energy on the world market and when we engage in energy trade around the world.
148、 a) it is an awful waste of time.
149、d) he was good at assembling bookshelves.
150、the latest congressional report acknowledges the critical importance of technical training, but also asserts that the study of the humanities （人文学科）and social sciences must remain central components of america’s educational system at all levels. both are critical to producing citizens who can participate effectively in our democratic society, become innovative（创新的）leaders, and benefit from the spiritual enrichment that the reflection on the great ideas of mankind over time provides.
151、questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
152、questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
153、d) their chances of getting a good job.
154、c) by focusing on the notes in the margins.
155、 the radio business has changed greatly and now attracts more listeners.
156、 a) he doesn’t get on with the others. c) he has been taken for a fool.
157、 recently
158、b) she was busy finishing her project.
159、 what does the author say about energy independence for america?
160、c) the woman is doing some repairs.
161、c) the furniture is covered with lots of dust.
162、 line
163、d) highlight details in a red color.
164、d) the rest he got from sitting in a rocking chair.
165、 a it sounds very attractive.
166、b) the man’s apartment is ready for rent.
167、b) the 6:30 one.d) the 7:30 one.
168、 a) his extraordinary physical condition.
169、 what kind of job applicants do employers look for?
170、 contrary to many people’s prediction of its death, the film industry survived.
171、most people would probably say that they want to be independent from imported oil. but there are reasons that we buy all that old from elsewhere.
172、注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
173、 a) he helped doris build up the furniture.
174、[b] does this spell the doom of the physical book? certainly not immediately, and perhaps not at all. what it does mean is that the book business will go through a transformation in the next decade or so more profound than any it has seen since gutenberg introduced printing from moveable type in the 1450s.
175、the fact remains, however, that it will likely get warmer, on 43 ， everywhere. scientists are in general agreement that the warmer conditions we have been experiencing are at least in part the result of a human-induced global warming trend. some scientists 44 that the changes we are seeing fall within the range of random （无规律的） variation—some years are cold, others warm, and we have just had an unremarkable string of warm years 45 —but that is becoming an increasingly rare interpretation in the face of continued and increasing warm conditions.
176、 f one technology replaces another only…
177、b) the amount of sleep for each person is similar.
178、d) get key information by reading just once or twice.
179、a) the benefit students in their future life.
180、 embarrassing
181、b) it is beyond cure.d) it is due to an accident.
182、the end of the book?
183、a) it wants to expand its storage of crude oil.
184、[h]sometimes a new technology doesn’t drive the old one out, but only parts of it while forcing the rest to evolve. the movies were widely predicted to drive live theater out of the marketplace, but they didn’t, because theater turned out to have qualities movies could not reproduce. equally, tv was supposed to replace movies but, again, did not.
185、 contributing
186、b) hand in her roommate’s application form.
187、d) place the tea on a lower shelf next time.
188、c) the man had better talk with the students himself.
189、 h sometimes a new technology doesn’t…
190、directions: in this section, you will hear 3 short passages. at the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. after you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked a)， b)， c) and d)。 then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
191、 paperbacks of popular literature are more likely to be replaced by e-books.
192、c) the time on the train is enjoyable.
193、suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your hometown, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why?
194、[o] for these reasons i think physical books will have a longer existence as a commercial product than some currently predict. like swords, books have symbolic power. like fireplaces, they induce a sense of comfort and warmth. and, perhaps, similar to sails, they make a useful back-up for when the lights go out.
195、 what is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
196、directions: there are 2 passages in this section. each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. for each of them there are four choices marked a)， b)， c) and d)。 you should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
197、c) doris fixed up some of the bookshelves.
198、b) he will continue to work in the garden himself.
199、d) they cause serious damage to the environment.
200、 a) they should finish the work as soon as possible.
201、c) replace the cupboard with a new one.
202、b) he doesn’t feel at ease in the firm. d) he has found a better position.
203、 c physical books will surely become much rarer in the marketplace…。
204、b) when dr. ellis leaves his office.d) dr. ellis’s schedule for the afternoon.
205、 b does this spell the doom of the …。
206、[g] but while printing quickly caused the hand written book to die out, handwriting lingered on （继续存在） well into the 16th century. very special books are still occasionally produced on vellum, but they are one-of-a-kind show pieces.
207、a) those who have a >
208、direction: in the section, you will hear a passage three times. when the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. when the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
209、[f] one technology replaces another only because the new technology is better, cheaper, or both. the greater the difference, the sooner and more thoroughly the new technology replaces the old. printing with moveable type on paper dramatically reduced the cost of producing a book compared with the old-fashioned ones handwritten on vellum, which comes from sheepskin. a bible—to be sure, a long book—required vellum made from 300 sheepskins and countless man-hours of labor. before printing arrived, a bible cost more than a middle-class house. there were perhaps 50,000 books in all of europe in 1450. by 1500 there were 10 million.
210、 what does the author say about the so called soft subjects?
211、[n] books—especially books the average person could afford—haven’t been around long enough to produce evolutionary change in humans. but they have a powerful hold on many people nonetheless, a hold extending far beyond their literary content. at their best, they are works of art and there is a tactile（触觉的）pleasure in books necessarily lost in e-book versions. the ability to quickly thumb through pages is also lost. and a room with books in it induces, at least in some, a feeling not dissimilar to that of a fire in the fireplace on a cold winter’s night.
212、 impact
213、questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
214、moreover, students should be prepared not just for their first job, but for their 4th and 5th jobs, as there’s little reason to doubt that people entering the workforce today will be called upon to play many different roles over the course of their careers. the ones who will do the best in this new environment will be those whose educations have prepared them to be flexible. the ability to draw upon every available tool and insight—picked up from science, arts, and technology—to solve the problems of the future, and take advantage of the opportunities that present themselves, will be helpful to them and the united states.
215、 a) the man has to get rid of the used furniture.
216、part iii reading comprehension
217、b) the academic value of the courses.
218、 a they benefit students in their future life.
219、 identical
220、 a) where dr. ellis’s office is located.c) directions to the classroom building.
221、d) they can hire a gardener to do the work.
222、 authors still published in printed versions will be considered important ones.
223、b) use a ladder to help her reach the tea.
224、 a amazon, by far the largest…
225、 d those who have received a well-rounded education.
226、d) everybody needs some sleep for survival.
227、 a) he finds it rather stressful. c) he can handle it quite well.
228、b) he finds it rather unbearable.
229、directions: in this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. you may choose a paragraph more than once. each paragraph is marked with a letter. answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on answer sheet 2.
看这个长度就已然鹤立鸡群。其实，也是一个蛮简单也好记的模板。
2、attitudes towards (drugs) vary from person to person. 人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异。
乍一看，跟上句的开头神似，其实就是省略掉了"peoples"，不仅清爽而且好像高端了一些。
3、people may have different opinions on.。. 人们对……可能会有不同的见解。
又是一个婉转的句子，展示其客观性。
4、there are different opinions among people as to.。. 关于……人们的观点大不相同。
"different"虽拉低了水准，但"as to"又拯救了回来。
5、different people hold different attitudes toward (failure)。 对（失败）人们的态度各不相同。
这句话貌似亮点不多，顶多一个"hold"，但也是安全牌，容易理解。
section b
directions: in this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. you may choose a paragraph more than once. each paragraph is marked with a letter. answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on answer sheet 2.
resilience is about how you recharge, not how you endure
[a] as constant travelers and parents of a 2-year-old, we sometimes fantasize about how much work we can do when one of us gets on a plane, undistracted by phones, friends, or movies. we race to get all our ground work done: packing, going through security, doing a last-minute work call, calling each other, then boarding the plane. then, when we try to have that amazing work session in flight, we get nothing done. even worse, after refreshing our email or reading the same studies over and over, we are too exhausted when we land to soldier on with （继续处理） the emails that have inevitably still piled up.
[b] why should flying deplete us? we’re just sitting there doing nothing. why can’t we be tougher, more resilient （有复原力的） and determined in our work so we can accomplish all of the goals we set for ourselves? based on our current research, we have come to realize that the problem is not our hectic schedule or the plane travel itself; the problem comes from a misconception of what it means to be resilient, and the resulting impact of overworking.
[c] we often take a militaristic, “tough” approach to resilience and determination like a marine pulling himself through the mud, a boxer going one more round, or a football player picking himself up off the ground for one more play. we believe that the longer we tough it out, the tougher we are, and therefore the more successful we will be. however, this entire conception is scientifically inaccurate.
[d] the very lack of a recovery period is dramatically holding back our collective ability to be resilient and successful. research has found that there is a direct correlation between lack of recovery and increased incidence of health and safety problems. and lack of recovery—whether by disrupting sleep with thoughts of work or having continuous cognitive arousal by watching our phones—is costing our companies $62 billion a year in lost productivity.
[e] and just because work stops, it doesn’t mean we are recovering. we “stop” work sometimes at 5pm, but then we spend the night wrestling with solutions to work problems, talking about our work over dinner, and falling asleep thinking about how much work we’ll do tomorrow. in a study just released, researchers from norway found that 7.8% of norwegians have become workaholics（工作狂）。 the scientists cite a definition of “workaholism” as “being overly concerned about work, driven by an uncontrollable work motivation, and investing so much time and effort in work that it impairs other important life areas.”
[f] we believe that the number of people who fit that definition includes the majority of american workers, which prompted us to begin a study of workaholism in the u.s. our study will use a large corporate dataset from a major medical company to examine how technology extends our working hours and thus interferes with necessary cognitive recovery, resulting in huge health care costs and turnover costs for employers.
[g] the misconception of resilience is often bred from an early age. parents trying to teach their children resilience might celebrate a high school student staying up until 3am to finish a science fair project. what a distortion of resilience! a resilient child is a well-rested one. when an exhausted student goes to school, he risks hurting everyone on the road with his impaired driving; he doesn’t have the cognitive resources to do well on his english test; he has lower self-control with his friends; and at home, he is moody with his parents. overwork and exhaustion are the opposite of resilience and the bad habits we acquire when we’re young only magnify when we hit the workforce.
[h] as jim loehr and tony schwartz have written, if you have too much time in the performance zone, you need more time in the recovery zone, otherwise you risk burnout. gathering your resources to “try hard” requires burning energy in order to overcome your currently low arousal level. it also worsens exhaustion. thus the more imbalanced we become due to overworking, the more value there is in activities that allow us to return to a state of balance. the value of a recovery period rises in proportion to the amount of work required of us.
[i] so how do we recover and build resilience? most people assume that if you stop doing a task like answering emails or writing a paper, your brain will naturally recover, so that when you start again later in the day or the next morning, you’ll have your energy back. but surely everyone reading this has had times when you lie in bed for hours, unable to fall asleep because your brain is thinking about work. if you lie in bed for eight hours, you may have rested, but you can still feel exhausted the next day. that’s because rest and recovery are not the same thing.
[j] if you’re trying to build resilience at work, you need adequate internal and external recovery periods. as researchers zijlstra, cropley and rydstedt write in their 2014 paper: “internal recovery refers to the shorter periods of relaxation that take place within the frames of the work day or the work setting in the form of short scheduled or unscheduled breaks, by shifting attention or changing to other work tasks when the mental or physical resources required for the initial task are temporarily depleted or exhausted. external recovery refers to actions that take place outside of work—e.g. in the free time between the work days, and during weekends, holidays or vacations.” if after work you lie around on your bed and get irritated by political commentary on your phone or get stressed thinking about decisions about how to renovate your home, your brain has not received a break from high mental arousal states. our brains need a rest as much as our bodies do.
[k] if you really want to build resilience, you can start by strategically stopping. give yourself the resources to be tough by creating internal and external recovery periods. amy blankson describes how to strategically stop during the day by using technology to control overworking. she suggests downloading the instant or moment apps to see how many times you turn on your phone each day. you can also use apps like offtime or unplugged to create tech free zones by strategically scheduling automatic airplane modes. the average person turns on their phone 150 times every day. if every distraction took only 1 minute, that would account for 2.5 hours a day.
[l] in addition, you can take a cognitive break every 90 minutes to charge your batteries. try to not have lunch at your desk, but instead spend time outside or with your friends—not talking about work. take all of your paid time off, which not only gives you recovery periods, but raises your productivity and likelihood of promotion.
[m] as for us, we’ve started using our plane time as a work-free zone, and thus time to dip into the recovery phase. the results have been fantastic. we are usually tired already by the time we get on a plane, and the crowded space and unstable internet connection make work more challenging. now, instead of swimming upstream, we relax, sleep, watch movies, or listen to music. and when we get off the plane, instead of being depleted, we feel recovered and ready to return to the performance zone.
36、 it has been found that inadequate recovery often leads to poor health and accidents.
37、 mental relaxation is much needed, just as physical relaxation is.
38、 adequate rest not only helps one recover, but also increases one’s work efficiency.
39、 the author always has a hectic time before taking a flight.
40、 recovery may not take place even if one seems to have stopped working.
41、 it is advised that technology be used to prevent people from overworking.
42、 contrary to popular belief, rest does not equal recovery.
43、 the author has come to see that his problem results from a misunderstanding of the meaning of resilience.
44、 people’s distorted view about resilience may have developed from their upbringing.
45、 people tend to think the more determined they are, the greater their success will be.
答案：
36.d
37、 j
38、 l
39、 a
40、 e
41、 k
42、 i
43.b
44、 g
45、 c
26、 g)habitats
【语法判断】marine是形容词，表示“海洋的”，后面应该跟一个名词。符合条件的名词有experiences（经验）、exterior（外部）、habitats（栖息地）、investment（投资）、territory（领土）、victim（受害人）。
【语意判断】从上下文可知，暗礁是潜泳和保护海洋______的圣地，所以应该选habitats，海洋栖息地。
27、 m)stripped
【语法判断】此处谓语不完整，要填写动词，由was可知要使用被动语态。符合条件的动词有depressed（使…沮丧）、stripped（剥夺、剥离）。
【语意判断】被沉下去的a300被______了所有有可能对环境有害的东西，所以应该选stripped，被剥离了。
28、 a)create
【语法判断】此处是倒装句，the sunken plane will后面应该跟动词原形。符合条件的动词有create（创作、创造）、innovate（发明）。
【语意判断】被沉默的飞机不仅仅将会给人工暗礁的生长_____完美的骨架，所以应该选create，创造出。
29、 l)stretches
【语法判断】主句缺少谓语，主语是the plane，应该选择动词的第三人称单数。符合条件的动词有experiences（经历）、stretches（延展到）
【语意判断】这个飞机____总长度54米，所以应该选stretches，延展到。
30、 c)eventually
【语法判断】where引导的从句有完整的主谓宾结构，空格处应该填写副词。符合条件的副词有eventually（最后，终于）、intentionally（故意地、有意地）。
【语意判断】在这个地方，潜水者将_______能够探索机舱和…。，因为是在飞机沉下去以后，潜水者才能够进行探索，所以应该选eventually，最终
31、 f)exterior
【语法判断】由plane’s可知此处为所有格，应该填一个名词。符合条件的名词有experiences（经验）、exterior（外部）、investment（投资）、territory（领土）、victim（受害人）。
【语意判断】潜水者最终可以探索机舱和飞机的_____，潜水者会探索飞机的内部和外部，所以应该选exterior，外部。
32、 j)investment
【语法判断】由that代词可知，此处应该填写一个名词。符合条件的名词有experiences（经验）、investment（投资）、territory（领土）、victim（受害人）。
【语意判断】他们（投资者）希望通过旅游业看到在_____上的回报，又从前一句知道投资者在飞机上花了大量的金钱，所以应该选择investment，投资上的回报。
33、 o)victim
【语法判断】由定冠词the和介词of可知，此处应该填写一个名词。符合条件的名词有experiences（经验）、territory（领土）、victim（受害者）。
【语意判断】土耳其这个国家是几起致命的恐怖袭击的______，由上文可知，土耳其的旅游业出现了下滑的趋势，他们受到了恐怖袭击的影响，所以应该选victim，受害者。
34、 i)intentionally
【语法判断】sunk修饰aircraft表示被沉没的飞机，此处可以填写一个形容词和sunk并列修饰aircraft，也可以是一个副词修饰形容词sunk。符合条件的形容词有depressed（沮丧的。）、revealing（透露真情的、有启迪作用的）；符合条件的副词有intentionally（故意地、有意地）。
【语意判断】a300是的______被沉没的飞机，由上下文可知，这架飞机是被人为地沉没到海底地，所以此处应该选intentionally，故意被沉没的飞机。
35、 e)exploring
【语法判断】and并联连词连接taking和填空部分，形式应与taking保持一致，动词的现在分词形式。符合条件的动词有exploring（探索）、revealing（揭露）。
【语意判断】经历一场水下旅行和_______沉没的a300内部，由语意可知，应该选择exploring，探索内部。
1、e.前景的预测。
2、nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem. (x has increasingly become a common concern of the public)。 according to a survey,调查内容说明这种现象的情况（或者是一个例子）。
3、d.如何杜绝。（如果是问题的话）
4、现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。
5、a dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent x from bringing us more harm.参照辩论式议论文的写法。
6、many people argue that错误观点。by saying that, they mean对这个观点的进一步解释。an example they have presented is that一个例子。（according to a survey performed by x on a group of y, almost 80% of them赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响）。
7、there is an old saying______. it"s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.
8、______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.
9、a.一个错误观点。
10、people’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person. some people say that them,_____.
11、b.我不同意。
12、c.我的看法。
13、 ……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。
14、today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. first, ____ second,____. what makes things worse is that______.
15、任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。
16、c.对社会和我们生活的影响
17、everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.
18、a.有人认为x是好事，赞成x，为什么？
19、关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……
20、关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为(说)……，在他们看来，……
21、______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.
22、x has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated（表达）in the following aspects.参照辩论式议论文的写法。
23、现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……。
24、俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。
25、根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……，但是为什么呢？
26、b.产生的原因
27、man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.
28、based on the above discussions, i can easily forecast that more and more people will ……。.
29、there is some truth in both arguments. but i think the advantages of x overweigh the disadvantages. in addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, x also may x的有一个坏处。
30、人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。
31、there might be some element of truth in these people’s belief. but if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that与错误观点相反的观点。there are a number of reasons behind my belief. （以下参照辩论文的议论文写法）。
32、there are different opinions among people as to ____ 。some people suggest that ____.
33、 ……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。
34、there are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon.下面参照辩论式议论文的写法。
35、nowadays，it is common to ______. many people like ______ because ______. besides，______.
36、however, other people stand on a different ground. they consider it harmful to do x. they firmly point out that反对x的第一个理由。an example can give the details of this argument:一个例子。
37、some people are in favor of the idea of doing x. they point out the fact that支持x的第一个原因。they also argue that支持x的。另一个原因。
38、a.一个社会问题或者现象。
39、according to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______ while. obviously，______，but why?
40、b.有人认为x是坏事，反对x，为什么？
during the sxsw trade show, which ran from march13 to 15, ofo reportedly received a lot of interestfrom potential collaborators among the usexhibitors, users or even governmental agencies.
据报道，在今年的西南偏南大会上（3月13日-15日），许多美国参展商、用户甚至政府机构都对ofo共享单车表现出了极大的兴趣。
the company plans to adopt localization measures inaccordance with regional laws and regulations, as wellas the preferences of local users.
该公司计划将共享单车引入美国，并按照当地法律法规以及用户的偏好采取本土化战略。
a low price of 50 cents for half-hour and the convenience of being able to "pick up and parkbikes wherever you want"， have given the company the edge on its american competitors, suchas bcycle and spin.
半小时仅需50美分的低收费、可以“随时随地取车停车”的使用便捷性，使得ofo公司在与bcycle和spin等美国企业竞争时占据优势地位。
the founder of mobike, another chinese bike-sharing leading company, also attended a sharingsession at the sxsw trade show to introduce the enterprise to overseas audiences.
中国另一家著名共享单车企业摩拜单车也出席了西南偏南大会的一场分享会议，向海外观众们介绍了自己。
unlike ofo’s ambitious overseas plan, mobike is being more cautious, expressing no intentionof entering the us market for the time being.
和ofo踌躇满志进军海外不同，摩拜单车要更加谨慎一些，该公司表示目前还不打算进入美国市场。
as for the bigger picture, the company expects to steadily and gradually operate in singapore,beginning with a "soft-landing" first, said mobike founder hu weiwei in an interview with thepaper.
摩拜单车创始人胡玮炜在接受《澎湃新闻》的采访时表示，关于未来发展计划，该公司希望在新加坡稳步经营，首先实现“软着陆”。